See kaug on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "kuuch"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "keech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kaag"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "câech"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "kāg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "kuuch"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "keech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kaag"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "câech"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "kāch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "kooch"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Koog"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kôch"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "kōg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "côoch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "coech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "coich"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cogsculd"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*kōg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kage",
"t": "low bush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kage (“low bush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kagʰyóm",
"t": "enclosure; hedge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; suggested to possibly be related to Norwegian kage (“low bush”), perhaps borrowed and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kaug m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaug",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-North Sea Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"polder, koog"
],
"id": "en-kaug-gmw-pro-noun-uUrYNZ-4",
"links": [
[
"polder",
"polder"
],
[
"koog",
"koog"
]
],
"qualifier": "North Sea Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Sea Germanic) polder, koog"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaug"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "kuuch"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "keech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kaag"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "câech"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "kāg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "kuuch"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "keech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kaag"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "câech"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "kāch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "kooch"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Koog"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kôch"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "kōg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "côoch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "coech"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "koog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "coich"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cogsculd"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*kōg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kage",
"t": "low bush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kage (“low bush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kagʰyóm",
"t": "enclosure; hedge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; suggested to possibly be related to Norwegian kage (“low bush”), perhaps borrowed and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kaug m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaug",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-North Sea Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gmw-pro:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"polder, koog"
],
"links": [
[
"polder",
"polder"
],
[
"koog",
"koog"
]
],
"qualifier": "North Sea Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Sea Germanic) polder, koog"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaug meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.